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Baker Tilly InternationalCorporate fraud is on the rise and companies of all sizes need to take better steps to prevent it. Addressing delegates at Baker Tilly International’s annual North American conference, held this week in Louisville, Kentucky, reformed 1960’s fraudster Frank W. Abagnale – subject of the movie Catch Me If You Can – repeated his often used quote:

“What I did in my youth is hundreds of times easier today. Technology breeds crime.”

The evidence is irrefutable. According to a 2012 report by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE), it is estimated that organisations lose 5% of their total revenue to fraud, which translates into a staggering global annual loss of $US3.5 trillion.

Alyssa G. Martin, Head of Risk Advisory Services at Weaver and Chair of the Baker Tilly International Corporate Governance Risk Management Committee, said:

“From the mailroom to the boardroom, fraud in the workplace is alive and well, thriving in the on-going economic downturn.

“Rapid recent advances in technology mean that corporate fraud and the art of preventing it have evolved. Technology has on one hand made it quicker and easier to find and analyze data, speeding up the process of criminal investigation, but on the other it has also made the world a much smaller place, which in many cases gives an advantage to the fraudster.

“Now, more than ever, it is imperative that companies consider fraud implications and implement preventative measures. To help meet this need, Baker Tilly International member firms are intensifying their focus on the delivery of high-quality advisory services to companies around the world.”

Prevention is key

Prevention is the most cost effective approach to fraud management – losses resulting from fraud are almost impossible to recoup.

A focus on improving internal controls is vital. This starts with a risk assessment – which should be repeated on a regular basis – to uncover possible fraud schemes and scenarios, evaluate control design and operations and serve as the basis for a deterrence plan. Other fraud prevention measures should include: ensuring appropriate segregation of employees’ duties; performing regular internal audits to deter fraud; implementing effective IT controls; and establishing checks and balances for on-going monitoring

Ultimately, it is very difficult to stop a determined fraudster but a company must make it as hard as possible for them to succeed. And, should the worst case present itself and a fraud be detected – have a process in place to be able to respond quickly and minimize the damage

CIMA_Logo Global Accountant

The accountancy domain recently witnessed the dawn of the CGMA [Chartered Global Management Accountant]. A recognised designation derived through qualification either by CIMA or AICPA members of the USA. This is only one of many benefits the institute is able to provide its students and prospective members.  Currently, there are 129,000 CGMA designates around the world. You are able to see these numbers and ethical literature all over the walls at CIMA Headquarters in London.

CIMA Global Vice President speaks Global Accountant about how CIMA has shaped the management accounting industry and its efforts in delivering its ethical ethos.

The recent economic and business cases inflicted upon the financial industry have raised many questions about how accountants are behaving.

Thought leadership in ethics is nothing new at CIMA. The institute works around the clock to deliver cutting edge events and seminars; The most recent being: Good People in the City.

Keith Luck, CIMA, CGMA Vice President of CIMA speaks to Global Accountant about CIMA’s objectives and interaction.

Keith Luck, Global Vice President CIMA

Keith Luck, Global Vice President CIMA

CIMA has always been a game-changer says Keith; not only in the works carried out solely with the CIMA student and member in mind but also the accountancy industry.

We review our education syllabus every five years to ensure it stays relevant 21st century business and ensure it reflects our values.

Employers are aware of the benefit a CIMA member can bring to their business and this is why they appreciate the modern training our students undertake. [See the Procter & Gamble Company case]

CIMA is not only an abbreviation, it is a common value shared by some 203,000 members worldwide.

Keith’s contribution to the accounting industry is not limited to his duty as VP of CIMA but also high profile roles such as board memberships of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). IFAC is the organisation that oversees 172 accountancy institutes and associations worldwide.

CIMA has adopted the IFAC code of conduct in its entirety and requires its members to carry out their professional duties in accordance with this code.

Keith Luck said:

The accountancy industry has responded well to the economic and business issues the whole world is continuing to witness.

Our ethical behaviour within the code parameters and beyond are essential to underpinning the relevance of CIMA members in todays challenging environment.

We train our prospective members and encourage all accountants via our seminars, events and literature to maximise their efforts in doing the right “things”; What ever they may be.

Depending on which environment and part of the world an individual may operate, ethics can be defined in many ways.

Management Accountants may sense many forces of pressure, be it cultural or simply being able to stand up to challenges that conflict with accepted values to the most controversial of action; whistle-blowing.

Keith Luck has a very brief line to add to your definition of ethics:

“Doing the right thing, at the right time!”

CIMA continues to shape how management accountants operate worldwide. Making sure its student and members are able to have representation in all 173 countries and provide a hub for guidance and education.

IASB and FASB of the US have published for public comment a revised Exposure Draft outlining proposed change to the accounting for leases. The proposal aims to improve the quality and comparability of financial reporting by providing greater transparency about leverage, the assets an organisation uses in its operations and the risks to which it is exposed from entering into leasing transactions.

Leases Global AccountantUnder existing accounting standards, a majority of leases are not reported on a lessee’s balance sheet. Additionally, the existing accounting models for leases require lessees and lessors to classify their leases as either finance leases (for example, a lease of equipment for nearly all of its economic life) or operating leases (for example, a lease of office space for 10 years) and to account for those leases differently.

For finance leases, a lessee recognises lease assets and liabilities on the balance sheet. For operating leases, a lessee does not recognise lease assets or liabilities on the balance sheet. The existing standards have been criticised for failing to meet the needs of users of financial statements because they do not always provide a faithful representation of leasing transactions.

Hans Hoogervorst, Chairman of the IASB commented

“The development of an improved standard for leasing is vital. At present, investors must take an educated guess to determine the hidden advantage from leasing by using basic disclosures in financial statements and applying arbitrary multiples. It is clearly not in the best interests of investors to expect analysts and others to guess the liabilities associated with leases. The proposals outlined in this revised Exposure Draft will go a great distance towards improving the quality and comparability of financial reporting in this area.”

Leslie Seidman, Chairman of the FASB commented

“The FASB and the IASB have worked together to develop a revised, converged proposal to address the inadequacies of current lease accounting and disclosures.  The proposal is responsive to the widespread view of investors that leases are liabilities that belong on the balance sheet.  The Boards revised the original proposal to distinguish between different types of leases for income statement and cash flow purposes, in response to feedback received from stakeholders.”

The Changes

Lease accounting that would require a lessee to recognise assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by leases.  A lessee would recognize assets and liabilities for leases of more than 12 months.

Stakeholders have informed the Boards that there are a wide variety of lease transactions with different economics. To better reflect those differing economics, the revised Exposure Draft proposes a dual approach to the recognition, measurement and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease. For most real estate leases, a lessee would report a straight-line lease expense in its income statement. For most other leases, such as equipment or vehicles, a lessee would report amortisation of the asset separately from interest on the lease liability.  The Boards are also proposing disclosures that should enable investors and other users of financial statements to understand the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases.

The Boards are also proposing changes to how equipment and vehicle lessors would account for leases that are off-balance-sheet. Those changes would provide greater transparency about such lessors’ exposure to credit risk and asset risk.

Stakeholders are encouraged to review and provide feedback on the revised Exposure Draft by September 13, 2013.

The IASB has published for public comment the Exposure Draft Regulatory Deferral Accounts as part of its reactivated Rate-regulated Activities research project.

Many jurisdictions applying IFRS have industry sectors that are subject to rate regulation, such as the transportation and the utilities sectors.  Rate regulation can have a significant impact on the timing and amount of an entity’s revenue.  Existing IFRS does not provide any specific guidance for rate regulated activities.

In response to feedback from its agenda consultation, the IASB has initiated a project to consider whether the IASB should develop specific guidance for Rate-regulated Activities and, if so, what information about the consequences of rate regulation would be most useful for users of financial statements.  At this stage, the IASB is proposing an interim Standard that would allow entities to preserve the existing accounting policies that they have in place for rate-regulated activities with some modifications designed to enhance comparability.  The proposals are open for comment until 4 September 2013.

Commenting on the publication of the Exposure Draft, Ian Mackintosh, Vice-Chairman of the IASB said:

Ian Mackintosh, Vice-Chairman, IASB This is an important project for the many jurisdictions with large rate-regulated entities.  Completing the project will take some time, due to the many different rate-regulatory models in use around the world. Consequently, we are proposing some interim measures to enhance the comparability of financial reporting by entities with rate-regulated activities until guidance is developed through the IASB’s comprehensive Rate-regulated Activities project.

The European Parliament’s Legal Affairs Committee (JURI) has today voted on its position on the European Commission’s audit reform proposals.

Michael Izza, ICAEW chief executive, said:

Michael Izza, Chief Executive, ICAEWA number of the changes voted through by the MEPs seem to align the EU audit reform proposals more closely with international standards, which is positive.

Much of the focus of this debate has been on rotation and the largest audit firms. However, it is important to remember that the audit reform will impact on all businesses having an audit, their shareholders and audit firms of all sizes across the European Union. There is a lot in the proposals beyond those issues that have received the most attention.

We need a resolution and certainty over what the audit legal reform will entail. A lot of resources have been invested by a broad range of stakeholders in understanding the proposals’ possible implications. The vote today takes us one step closer to the end; hopefully an agreement between Council and the full European Parliament, which together have the ultimate say in finalising the law, can be found soon.

PKF Global_Accountant LogoPKFI has appointed chartered accountancy firm Littlejohn as a new UK member firm. Based in Canary Wharf, London, Littlejohn has 32 partners and a strong international outlook.

Sajjad Akhtar, PKFI chairman, commented:

Sajjad Akhtar PKFWe are very pleased to welcome Littlejohn to the network. The firm has deep roots in London, a great reputation and an international outlook. Its strong technical expertise in UK tax, VAT and regulatory advice will be appreciated by our member firms and their clients who do business in London.

John Sim, CEO of the PKFI network says:

As London is such an important international hub for our network member firms, Littlejohn’s strong international connections were a key factor in our decision to invite them to join the PKF network. We have conducted a very thorough investigation of potentially suitable firms throughout the UK over the last few months and are delighted that Littlejohn is the first to join us.

Paul Hopper, Littlejohn’s Managing Partner, said:

Paul Hopper LittleJohn Global AccountantWe are delighted to be joining PKF International, which is a highly respected global accountancy brand. Our clients are increasingly trading and investing overseas, we are bringing more overseas companies to the UK markets.  Joining PKF International, with its strong network of member firms, will enable us to provide better support for them around the world.

Littlejohn will become a legally independent member of PKF International Limited from 1 July 2013 and will adopt the name PKF Littlejohn later this year.

The new chairman of global accounting alliance Praxity talks to Global Accountant about management philosophy, the future and accounting.

Rick Anderson

Rick Anderson, Chairman and CEO Praxity

Rick Anderson, the recently appointed chairman of Praxity has served on several AICPA committees and task forces, is a former member of the AICPA Council, and is a past chair of the AICPA Major Firms Group. He also served as a trustee on the Financial Accounting Foundation (FAF) Board. The National Association of State Boards of Accountancy (NASBA) named Rick chairman of a “Blue-Ribbon Panel” established to address how U.S. accounting standards can best meet the needs of users of private company financial statements.

Rick said:

Fresh thinking and a distinct perspective is what is expected of a Praxity Chairman. I am positioned to contribute my US SME and global experience to the alliance. That is exactly what I am here to do.

Management Philosophy

Management philosophy is the key ingredient to corporate values and contributes to economic and social development of a good corporate citizen. Rick’s role as the chairman of the management committee and board is to steer the alliance into new revelations and has preferred an inclusion style of management where, views and perspectives are understood, opportunities are explored and challenges tackled together as a team.

Rick commented on inclusion style management and said:

Management will find it easy to maintain a working relationship that enhances the capability to lead if their employees can relate to the situation; if they are included and informed. Strategic objectives can be accomplished when management buy-in and support is present; without these important elements of management skill a corporate objective may not be feasible.

Future

Praxity Global Accountant

Praxity is the world’s largest alliance of independent accountancy firms operating in 96 countries. From China to Brazil, UK to Turkey, Praxity has a combined member operating turnover of $3.7bn.

Rick spells out the future of Praxity under his boards custodian;

The US SME market place has been improving for the last three years. We will continue to serve the middle market, family owned and private equity backed businesses. It is as important for us to remain the association of choice of this segment and continue to grow on a global scale.

Small and medium sized businesses are the ones that are contributing to the big bang. SME’s are our specialism and our members will continue to serve this market and respond to its needs.

We will continue to grow into Asia. Nevertheless, through our members, deliver our quality yet flexible governance in Asia.

The Accounting Industry

The accounting industry is engulfed in revolution. Convergence, Integrated and responsible reporting, regulation and its resistance, growing voice of Asia and governance of Western business interaction all create risks, opportunities and challenges to the accounting industry.

Rick gives his view on the matters that affect the SME:

There is a lack of understanding by the public on how complex accounting has become. We recently witnessed the SEC of the US asking for disclosure from an accountancy firm [not a Praxity member] who rendered services in China. This in itself represents the true nature of how the accounting industry is becoming more regulated and tighter to operate within. There are legal collaborations between countries, which our members operate in, who do voice their concerns; Regulations do contribute to complexity.

There is not one single cause for the financial crises; but many. The investing public in companies and banks must also feel a vested responsibility. It may be difficult to determine the best set of accounting standards surrounded by all this complexity however, Praxity members offer a solution to their international clients by referring them to their foreign location office or to another Praxity member. This is one of many ways we assure knowledge is not diluted and the client receives local knowledge without quality compromise.

Auditors need to be a trusted business partner and should be aware of risks and best practice to maximise business returns. This remains an important success factor for SMEs.

CIMA teamed with the St Paul’s Institute and CIPD to explore the causes responsible for the worrying disconnect between what is considered to be ethical behaviour and the pressures imposed upon the business world to perform. The event was set in The Crypt of St Paul’s Cathedral which recently witnessed the Occupy movement at its doorstep.

St Paul CIMA CIPD

The evening chaired by James Walters of London School of Economics, began with a live scenario to demonstrate the foundations of what can come back to haunt an enterprise regardless of its size.

Tanya Barman, Head of Ethics CIMA and her team responsible for the theme brought this timely event to an audience of many with an expert panel presenting Keith Luck, Vice President CIMA, Fiona Stewart-Darling, Bishop’s Chaplain Docklands and Peter Cheese Chief Executive CIPD.

The audience found themselves participating in a Finance Business Partner capacity and responding to a variety of dilemmas faced by today’s finance professionals.

The role play emphasised the importance of CIMA’s global Code of Ethical Principles:

  • Integrity
  • Objectivity
  • Professional Competence and Due Care
  • Confidentiality and,
  • Professional Behaviour

Keith Luck opened his speech and talked about the banking crisis and how that was only one aspect of the cause of the distasteful economic situation the whole world has experienced and yet not made to forget.

Keith said:

Regulation does not prevent bad behaviour and the fact that ethics can vary from one part of the world to another, in most cases with the ever growing global businesses, unfortunately ethics can fall in to that “grey area”. What may be considered ethical to one, may be unethical or even illegal to other laws and jurisdictions. Nevertheless, ethical business culture is key to future business success

The financial crisis of 2008 made it abundantly clear that unethical business practice does not work in the long-term. The last few years have highlighted the costs of acting unethically, with a spate of business failures, high public distrust and now, increasingly public protest against corporate and government misdemeanors.

It is profoundly true when individuals act without a long-term view and ethics; failures come to light. The result inevitably is a loss of public trust, brand damage, impact on market value, and often, an increase in regulations. However, by applying a values-based approach, and leading by example rather than relying only on written policies and rules, organisations are much better placed to promote a culture that encourages employees to ‘do the right thing.

CIMA will soon be publishing its reports in coherent with the IIRC framework; not only to demonstrate dedication to a more ethical future looking reporting format, but also to take positive action to respond  directly to the challenge faced by preparers of financial statements where there are far many stakeholders who have vested interest in CIMAs operations, brand, talent and impact on environmental resources.

Ketih Luck went on to say:

All CIMA accountants should adhere to the Code of Conduct set by IFAC and adopted by CIMA. This is what is expected of them throughout their careers

Rev. Dr. Fiona Stewart-Darling of Bishop’s Chalain in Docklands, London carried the audience to another dimention by presenting her own oservations and interpretation of issues between personal responsibility  within the society, ethics and consideration to others and regulation.

Fiona said:

We in the West [in pockets] have become disconnected with what is meant to be good, disconnected in a way that clever people will always be driven by the need to find ways around and avoid regulation and swept away by the rush of the capitalist system and forgotten who we are or even why we are doing what it is that we are

We must take a step back and reflect how we impact on our surrounding and the wider society, when we are conducting business and carrying on with our normal lives. The gift of being intelligent has been misused. And for the future it will not service

CIMA, St Paul’s Institute and the CIPD left the audience hopeful and ended after a session of questions and answers.

European_Flag_Global_AccountantICAEW expressed support for the proportionate non-financial disclosure approach and requirements by the EC, but stresses that avoiding ‘boilerplate’ disclosure is critical.

Dr Nigel Sleigh-Johnson, Head of ICAEW’s Financial Reporting Faculty, said:

Dr Nigel Sleigh-Johnson, Head of Financial Reporting Faculty ICAEW

Dr Nigel Sleigh-Johnson, Head of Financial Reporting Faculty ICAEW

“Non-financial, narrative information forms an increasingly important part of companies’ communication with investors and other stakeholders, providing insights into the long-term success of the business”.

“In the UK, significant progress has been made by the largest companies in their reporting of relevant environmental and social issues, and new requirements due to take effect in the Autumn will enhance the narrative information communicated to investors.”

“The ‘comply or explain’ aspect of the new regime is welcome, as is the decision to limit the impact of the proposals to the group level and to the largest EU businesses – those with over 500 employees. It will, nonetheless, be important  ensure that a reasonable period of transition is provided, not least for the large private companies subject to the more rigorous regime”.

However, Nigel sounded a note of caution:

“Disclosures in corporate annual reports should be aimed squarely at the needs of investors, not other parties; additional information, if required solely for public policy reasons, should be kept out of the annual report. If the information is not bespoke and of relevance to investors, it will just lead to clutter and ‘boilerplate’.”

If the EC proposals are supported by the Council and European Parliament, companies will be required to include a statement within their annual report that covers information on policies, results and risk aspects relating to the company’s environmental, social, employee-related matters, respect of human rights, anti-corruption and bribery aspects – or explain why they haven’t included such information. In addition, there will be a requirement to include details on the company’s diversity policy in the Corporate Governance Statement.

ICAEW is closely involved in efforts to enhance corporate reporting and has commented on the publication of a draft Integrated Reporting framework by the IIRC, suggesting that it raises the level of debate on business decision making. You can read more about this here

CIPFA has welcomed a consultation of the draft International Integrated Reporting Framework.

CIPFAThe Consultation Draft of the International Integrated Reporting Framework was released by the IIRC. It provides the foundations for a new reporting model to enable organisations to provide a concise communication to stakeholders of how they create value over time.

While the focus of the draft is on business reporting, the initial work that CIPFA has carried out in conjunction with the IIRC, and with input from the IFAC, shows that the principles are potentially applicable to the public sector.

Although some of these ideas are expressed from a private sector perspective, CIPFA believes that with suitable interpretation they could provide strong support for organisations in meeting the broader accountability requirements of the public sector.

Ian Carruthers, CIPFA Policy and Technical Director, said

Ian Carruthers, CIPFA Policy and Technical Director

Ian Carruthers, CIPFA Policy and Technical Director

“Today’s publication of the draft International Reporting Framework is an important step forward in corporate reporting. Our initial research shows that its principles are potentially applicable to the public sector. We look forward to taking this research further and establishing how best to apply the Framework principles in the public sector context.”